A new international review published in Gynecologic Oncology (2026), developed by a panel of 24 experts in gynecologic oncology and endometriosis, examined the relationship between endometriosis and ovarian cancer. Here is what it means for you.
Is there a link? Yes — but it is a modest one. Studies show that women with endometriosis have a slightly higher relative risk of developing certain types of ovarian cancer, specifically the endometrioid and clear cell subtypes. The estimated relative risk ranges from 1.3 to 4.2 times that of the general population, with higher figures seen in women with ovarian endometriomas or deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE).
Does this mean my risk is high? No. This is the most important point. Despite the increased relative risk, the absolute lifetime risk of ovarian cancer in women with endometriosis remains very low — generally less than 2–5%. The vast majority of women with endometriosis will never develop ovarian cancer.
Why might endometriosis and ovarian cancer be connected? Researchers have found that both conditions share some biological features: chronic inflammation, hormonal imbalances, and certain genetic mutations (in genes called ARID1A, PIK3CA, and PTEN). These shared pathways suggest a biological overlap, though malignant transformation of endometriotic tissue is uncommon.
Do I need special cancer screening? Current evidence does not support routine cancer surveillance for women with endometriosis. The standard monitoring you already receive — transvaginal ultrasound and, where indicated, MRI — remains appropriate. However, in certain cases, your doctor may recommend closer follow-up.
The bottom line: Endometriosis is a complex chronic condition, but it is not a high cancer-risk disease in clinical terms. The experts are clear: this modest statistical association should not cause unnecessary anxiety, lead to overtreatment, or change the way endometriosis is managed for most women. Informed, individualised care remains the appropriate approach.